Cognition is described as “the act or process of knowing” (Smith, 1999). The instructional strategies support the principles defining the cognitive learning theory in many ways. Among the principles of the cognitive learning theory are well-organized instructions, clearly structured instruction where students can easily make connections between key ideas and concepts, connection of new concepts to prior knowledge in order to learn, and acceptance of different approaches to learning.
The use of advance organizers greatly relates to the principles of the cognitive learning theory in that they may be used for building prior knowledge, providing organized information, and used to present clear “how-to” instruction. For example, a teacher may use a PowerPoint, map, advance organizers or virtual tours to provide students with prior knowledge.
Advance organizers may also be used for helping students to make connections between new content and prior knowledge. These techniques all provide students with visuals to aid learning. Students retain more information when lesson uses multimedia and advance organizers. “Graphic presentation has been shown to produce a percentile gain of 39 points in student achievement” (Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, & Malenoski, 2007, p.124). Techniques such as the combinations notes techniques allows for students to state facts and notes, connect this to a visual representation and give a 1-2 sentence summary of what they have learned. This allows students to make connections between key concepts and ideas.
“Cognitive technologies are tools that may be provided by any medium and that help learners transcend the limitations of their minds” (2007, p.1). Students are able to use multimedia to present their summaries and notes. In my class, I may use this as an alternative form of assessment by asking students to present their learning in the form of a PowerPoint presentation.
Of the many techniques presented this week, I am looking forward to those that help to build prior knowledge or help students to make connections between their prior knowledge and new content.
Hubbell, E. R., Kuhn, M., Malenoski, K., & Pitler, H. (2007). Using Technology With Classroom Instruction That Works. Alexandria: Ascd.
Robertson, B., Elliot, L., & Robinson, D. (2007). Cognitive tools. In M. Orey (Ed,), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved May 20, 2009, from http://projects,coe.uga.edu/epltt/.
Smith, M. K. (1999). The cognitive orientation to learning. The Encyclopedia of Informal Education. Retrieved May 20, 2009 from http://infed.org/biblio/learning-cognitive.